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man pages section 1M: System Administration Commands Oracle Solaris 11.1 Information Library |
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man pages section 1M: System Administration Commands Oracle Solaris 11.1 Information Library |
System Administration Commands - Part 1
System Administration Commands - Part 2
- modify a user's login information on the system
usermod [-u uid [-o]] [-g group] [-G [+|-]group [, group...]]
[-d dir [-m]] [-s shell] [-c comment] [-l new_name]
[-f inactive] [-e expire]
[-A [+|-]authorization [,authorization]]
[-P [+|-]profile [,profile]] [-R [+|-]role [,role]]
[-K key[+|-]=value] [-S repository] loginThe usermod utility modifies a user's login definition on the system. It changes the definition of the specified login and makes the appropriate login-related system file and file system changes.
The system file entries created with this command have a limit of 512 characters per line. Specifying long arguments to several options might exceed this limit.
An administrator must be granted the User Security Profile to modify the security attributes for an existing user. To be able to modify the non-security attributes of an existing user requires the User Management Profile. The authorizations required to set the various fields in passwd, shadow and user_attr can be found in passwd(4), shadow(4), and user_attr(4). The authorizations required to assign groups can be found in group(4).
The following options are supported:
One or more comma separated authorizations as defined in auth_attr(4). Only a user or role who has grant rights to the authorization can assign it to an account. This replaces any existing authorization setting. If no authorization list is specified, the existing setting is removed.
A prefix + adds the authorization to the existing authorization; a prefix - removes the authorization from the existing authorization. With no prefix, authorization replaces the existing authorization.
Specify a comment string. comment can be any text string. It is generally a short description of the login, and is currently used as the field for the user's full name. This information is stored in the user's passwd entry.
Specify the new home directory of the user. It defaults to base_dir/login, where base_dir is the base directory for new login home directories, and login is the new login. This creates or modifies an auto_home entry for the user.
The argument to the option can be specified as server:dir where server is the hostname of the machine on which the home directory resides and dir is the path to the user's home directory. If the server is a remote host then the home directory needs to be created on the remote host for the system to mount it, when the user logs in. If no server name is specified then the home directory will be created on the host where the command is executed, when the -m option is used.
Specify the expiration date for a login. After this date, no user will be able to access this login. The expire option argument is a date entered using one of the date formats included in the template file /etc/datemsk. See getdate(3C).
For example, you may enter 10/6/90 or October 6, 1990. A value of `` '' defeats the status of the expired date.
Specify the maximum number of days allowed between uses of a login ID before that login ID is declared invalid. Normal values are positive integers. A value of 0 defeats the status.
Specify an existing group's integer ID or character-string name. It redefines the user's primary group membership.
An existing group's integer ID or character-string name. It defines the new user's supplementary group membership. Duplicates between group with the -g and -G options are ignored. No more than NGROUPS_MAX groups can be specified. GIDs 0-99 are reserved for allocation by the Solaris Operating System.
A prefix + adds the group to the existing group; a prefix - removes the group from the existing group. With no prefix, group replaces the existing group.
Replace existing or add to a user's key=value pair attributes. Multiple -K options can be used to replace or add multiple key=value pairs. However, keys must not be repeated. The generic -K option with the appropriate key can be used instead of the specific implied key options (-A, -P, -R, -p). See user_attr(4) for a list of valid keys. Values for these keys are usually found in man pages or other sources related to those keys. For example, see project(4) for guidance on values for the project key. Use the command ppriv(1) with the -v and -l options for a list of values for the keys defaultpriv and limitpriv. If no value is specified, the existing key is removed.
The keyword type can be specified with the value role or the value normal. When using the value role, the account changes from a normal user to a role; using the value normal keeps the account a normal user.
As a role account, no roles (-R or roles=value) can be present.
A prefix + adds the value to the existing value; a prefix - removes the value from the existing value. With no prefix, value replaces the existing value.
The prefix +/- operation is applicable only to the following keys: auths, profiles, roles, project, limitpriv, and defaultpriv.
Specify the new login name for the user. See passwd(4) for the requirements for usernames.
Move the user's home directory to the new directory specified with the -d option. If the directory already exists, it must have permissions read/write/execute by group, where group is the user's primary group. If the server name specified to the -d option is a remote host then the system will not attempt to create the home directory.
If the directory does not already exist, a new ZFS dataset will be created. In the global zone, the dataset is created as rpool/export/home/rolename. For non-global zones, the dataset will be created as ROOT-dataset/export/home/rolename. The mountpoint for the ZFS dataset is /export/home/rolename by default. If -d path is specified and it is a path on the local machine, the dataset will be mounted at the specified location. The role is delegated permissions to create ZFS snapshots and promote them. The newly created dataset will inherit the encryption setting from its parent. If it is encrypted, the role is granted permission to change its wrapping key.
This option allows the specified UID to be duplicated (non-unique).
One or more comma-separated rights profiles defined in prof_attr(4). This replaces any existing profile setting in user_attr(4). If an empty profile list is specified, the existing setting is removed.
A prefix + adds the profile to the existing profile; a prefix - removes the profile from the existing profile. With no prefix, profile replaces the existing profile.
One or more comma-separated roles (see roleadd(1M)). This replaces any existing role setting. If no role list is specified, the existing setting is removed.
A prefix + adds the role to the existing role; a prefix - removes the role from the existing role. With no prefix, role replaces the existing role.
Specify the full pathname of the program that is used as the user's shell on login. The value of shell must be a valid executable file.
The valid repositories are files, ldap. The repository specifies which name service will be updated. The default repository is files. When the repository is files, the authorizations, profiles, and roles can be present in other name service repositories and can be assigned to a user in the files repository. When the repository is ldap, all the assignable attributes must be present in the ldap repository.
Specify a new UID for the user. It must be a non-negative decimal integer less than MAXUID as defined in <param.h>. The UID associated with the user's home directory is not modified with this option; a user will not have access to their home directory until the UID is manually reassigned using chown(1).
The following operands are supported:
An existing login name to be modified.
Example 1 Assigning Privileges to a User
The following command adds the privilege that affects high resolution times to a user's initial, inheritable set of privileges.
# usermod -K defaultpriv=basic,proc_clock_highres jdoe
This command results in the following entry in user_attr:
jdoe::::type=normal;defaultpriv=basic,proc_clock_highres
Example 2 Removing a Privilege from a User's Limit Set
The following command removes the privilege that allows the specified user to create hard links to directories and to unlink directories.
# usermod -K limitpriv=all,!sys_linkdir jdoe
This command results in the following entry in user_attr:
jdoe::::type=normal;defaultpriv=basic,limitpriv=all,!sys_linkdir
Example 3 Removing a Privilege from a User's Basic Set
The following command removes the privilege that allows the specified user to examine processes outside the user's session.
# usermod -K defaultpriv=basic,!proc_session jdoe
This command results in the following entry in user_attr:
jdoe::::type=normal;defaultpriv=basic,!proc_session;limitpriv=all
Example 4 Assigning a Role to a User
The following command assigns a role to a user. The role must have been created prior to this command through use of roleadd(1M).
# usermod -R mailadm jdoe
This command results in the following entry in user_attr:
jdoe::::type=normal;roles=mailadm;defaultpriv=basic;limitpriv=all
Example 5 Removing All Profiles from a User
The following command removes all profiles that were granted to a user directly. The user will still have any rights profiles that are granted by means of the PROFS_GRANTED key in policy.conf(4).
# usermod -P "" jdoe
In case of an error, usermod prints an error message and exits with one of the following values:
No permission for attempted operation.
The command syntax was invalid. A usage message for the usermod command is displayed.
An invalid argument was provided to an option.
The gid or uid given with the -u option is already in use.
The password and shadow files are not consistent with each other. pwconv(1M) might be of use to correct possible errors. See passwd(4) and shadow(4).
The login to be modified does not exist, the gid or the uid does not exist.
The group, passwd, or shadow file is missing.
A group or user name is already in use.
Cannot update the passwd, shadow, or user_attr file.
Insufficient space to move the home directory (-m option).
Unable to create, remove, or move the new home directory.
Requested login is already in use.
Unexpected failure.
Unable to update the group database.
Unable to update the project database.
Insufficient authorization.
Does not have role.
Does not have profile.
Does not have privilege.
Does not have label.
Does not have group.
System not running Trusted Extensions.
Does not have project.
Unable to update auto_home.
system file containing group definitions
system file of date formats
system password file
system file containing users' encrypted passwords and related information
system file containing additional user and role attributes
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
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auths(1), chown(1), passwd(1), profiles(1), users(1B), groupadd(1M), groupdel(1M), groupmod(1M), logins(1M), pwconv(1M), roleadd(1M), roledel(1M), rolemod(1M), useradd(1M), userdel(1M), getdate(3C), auth_attr(4), passwd(4), policy.conf(4), prof_attr(4), user_attr(4), attributes(5)
The usermod utility modifies definitions in the passwd, shadow, group, project, and user_attr databases in the scope (default or specified). The utility will verify the uniqueness of user name and user ID against the external name service.
The usermod utility uses the /etc/datemsk file, available with SUNWaccr, for date formatting.
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