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man pages section 4: File Formats Oracle Solaris 11.1 Information Library |
- mapping file used by the NIS server components
/var/yp/NISLDAPmapping
The NISLDAPmapping file specifies the mapping between NIS map entries and equivalent Directory Information Tree (DIT) entries.
The presence of /var/yp/NISLDAPmapping on a NIS master server causes that server to obtain NIS data from LDAP. See ypserv(4). If /var/yp/NISLDAPmapping is present but the connection configuration file that is defined in /etc/default/ypserv cannot be found, a warning is logged. See ypserv(1M).
NIS slave servers always obtain their data from a NIS master server, whether or not that server is getting data from LDAP, and ignore the /var/yp/NISLDAPmapping file.
A simple NISLDAPmapping file is created using inityp2l(1M). You can customize your NISLDAPmapping file as you require.
Each attribute defined below can be specified in/var/yp/NISLDAPmappingLDAP or as an LDAP attribute. If both are specified, then the attribute in /var/yp/NISLDAPmapping (including empty values) takes precedence.
A continuation is indicated by a '\' (backslash) in the last position, immediately before the newline of a line. Characters are escaped, that is, exempted from special interpretation, when preceded by a backslash character.
The '#' (hash) character starts a comment. White space is either ASCII space or a horizontal tab. In general, lines consist of optional white space, an attribute name, at least one white space character, and an attribute value.
Repeated fields, with separator characters, are described by the following syntax:
entry:entry:entry
entry[":"...]
[entry":"...]
Attributes generally apply to one more more NIS maps. Map names can be specified either on their own,that is in passwd.byname, in which case they apply to all domains, or for individual NIS domains, for example, in passwd.byname,example.sun.uk. Where a map is mentioned in more than one attribute, both versions are applied. If any parts of the attributes are in conflict, the domain specific version takes precedence over the non-domain specific version.
Each domain specific attributes must appear in NISLDAPmapping before any related non-domain specific attribute. If non-domain specific attributes appear first, behavior may be unpredictable. Errors are logged when non-domain specific attributes are found first.
You can associate a group of map names with a databaseId. In effect, a macro is expanded to the group of names. Use this mechanism where the same group of names is used in many attributes or where domain specific map names are used. Then, you can make any changes to the domain name in one place.
Unless otherwise noted, all elements of the syntaxes below may be surrounded by white space. Separator characters and white space must be escaped if they are part of syntactic elements.
The following attributes are recognized.
The context to use for a NIS domain.
The syntax for nisLDAPdomainContext is:
NISDomainName ":" context
The following is an example of the nisLDAPdomainContext attribute:
domain.one : dc=site, dc=company, dc=com
The mapping file should define the context for each domain before any other attribute makes use of the NISDomainName specified for that domain.
Lists the domains for which password changes should be made. NIS password change requests do not specify the domains in which any given password should be changed. In traditional NIS this information is effectively hard coded in the NIS makefile.
The syntax for the nisLDAPyppasswddDomains attribute is:
domainname
If there are multiple domains, use multiple nisLDAPyppasswddDomain entries withone domainname per entry.
Sets up an alias for a group of NIS map names. There is no default value.
The syntax for the nisLDAPdatabaseIdMapping attribute is:
databaseId ":" ["["indexlist"]"] mapname[" "...]
where
databaseId = Label identifying a (subset of a) NIS
object for mapping purposes.
indexlist = fieldspec[","...]
fieldspec = fieldname "=" fieldvalue
fieldname = The name of a entry field as defined in
nisLDAPnameFields.
fieldvalue = fieldvaluestring | \" fieldvaluestring \"indexlist is used for those cases where it is necessary to select a subset of entries from a NIS map. The subset are those NIS entries that match the indexlist. If there are multiple specifications indexed for a particular NIS map, they are tried in the order retrieved until one matches. Note that retrieval order usually is unspecified for multi-valued LDAP attributes. Hence, if using indexed specifications when nisLDAPdatabaseIdMapping is retrieved from LDAP, make sure that the subset match is unambiguous.
If the fieldvaluestring contains white space or commas, it must either be surrounded by double quotes, or the special characters must be escaped. Wildcards are allowed in the fieldvaluestring.
To associate the passwd.byname and passwd.byuid maps with the passwd databaseId:
passwd:passwd.byname passwd.byuid
The passwd and passwd.adjunct databaseIds receive special handling. In addition to its normal usage, passwd defines which maps yppasswdd is to update when a passwd is changed. In addition to its normal usage passwd.adjunct defines which maps yppasswdd is to update when an adjunct passwd is changed.
You may not alias a single map name to a different name, as the results are unpredictable.
Establish TTLs for NIS entries derived from LDAP.
The syntax for the nisLDAPentryTtl attribute is:
mapName[" "...]":"
initialTTLlo ":" initialTTLhi ":" runningTTLwhere
The lower limit for the initial TTL (in seconds) for data read from LDAP when the ypserv starts. If the initialTTLhi also is specified, the actual initialTTL will be randomly selected from the interval initialTTLlo to initialTTLhi , inclusive. Leaving the field empty yields the default value of 1800 seconds.
The upper limit for the initial TTL. If left empty, defaults to 5400.
The TTL (in seconds) for data retrieved from LDAP while the ypserv is running. Leave the field empty to obtain the default value of 3600 seconds.
If there is no specification of TTLs for a particular map, the default values are used.
If the initialTTLlo and initialTTLhi have the same value, the effect will be that all data known to the ypserv at startup times out at the same time. Depending on NIS data lookup patterns, this could cause spikes in ypserv-to-LDAP traffic. In order to avoid that, you can specify different initialTTLlo and initialTTLhi values, and obtain a spread in initial TTLs.
The following is an example of the nisLDAPentryTtl attribute used to specify that entries in the NIS host maps read from LDAP should be valid for four hours. When ypserv restarts, the disk database entries are valid for between two and three hours.
hosts.byname hosts.byaddr:7200:10800:14400
Specifies the connection between a group of NIS maps and the LDAP directory. This attribute also defines the 'order' of the NIS maps. When NIS maps are bulk copied to or from the DIT, they are processed in the same order as related nisLDAPobjectDN attributes appear in /var/yp/NISLDAPmapping.
The syntax for the nisLDAPobjectDN attribute is:
mapName[" "...] ":" objectDN *( ";" objectDN )
where
objectDN = readObjectSpec [":"[writeObjectSpec]]
readObjectSpec = [baseAndScope [filterAttrValList]]
writeObjectSpec = [baseAndScope [attrValList]]
baseAndScope = [baseDN] ["?" [scope]]
filterAttrValList = ["?" [filter | attrValList]]]
scope = "base" | "one" | "sub"
attrValList = attribute "=" value
*("," attribute "=" value)The baseDN defaults to the value of the nisLDAPdomainContext attribute for the accessed domain. If the baseDN ends in a comma, the nisLDAPdomainContext value is appended.
scope defaults to one. scope has no meaning and is ignored in a writeObjectSpec.
The filter is an LDAP search filter and has no default value.
The attrValList is a list of attribute and value pairs. There is no default value.
As a convenience, if an attrValList is specified in a readObjectSpec, it is converted to a search filter by ANDing together the attributes and the values. For example, the attribute and value list:
objectClass=posixAccount,objectClass=shadowAccount
is converted to the filter:
(&(objectClass=posixAccount)\
(objectClass=shadowAccount))Map entries are mapped by means of the relevant mapping rules in the nisLDAPnameFields and nisLDAPattributeFromField .
If a writeObjectSpec is omitted, the effect is one of the following:
If there is no trailing colon after the readObjectSpec, then there is no write at all.
If there is a colon after the readObjectSpec, then writeObjectSpec equals readObjectSpec.
The following is an example of a nisLDAPobjectDN attribute declaration that gets the hosts.byaddr map entries from the ou=Hosts container under the default search base and writes to the same place.
hosts.byaddr:ou=Hosts,?one?objectClass=ipHost:
The following is an example of a nisLDAPobjectDN attribute declaration that obtains passwd map entries from the ou=People containers under the default search base, and also from dc=another,dc=domain.
passwd:ou=People,?one?\
objectClass=shadowAccount,\
objectClass=posixAccount:;\
ou=People,dc=another,dc=domain,?one?\
objectClass=shadowAccount,\
objectClass=posixAccountSpecifies the content of entries in a NIS map and how they should be broken into named fields. nisLDAPnameFields is required, because NIS maps do not store information in named fields.
The syntax for the nisLDAPnameFields attribute is as follows:
"nisLDAPnameFields" mapName ":" "(" matchspec "," fieldNames ")"
fieldName = nameOrArrayName[","...]
nameOrArrayName = Name of field or 'array' of repeated fields.
matchspec = \" formatString \"formatString may contains a list of %s and %a elements each of which represents a single named field or a list of repeated fields. A %a field is interpreted as an IPv4 address or an IPv6 address in preferred format. If an IPv6 address in non preferred format is found, then it is converted and a warning is logged.
Where there are a list of repeated fields, the entire list is stored as one entry. The fields are broken up into individual entries, based on the internal separator, at a latter stage. Other characters represent separators which must be present. Any separator, including whitespace, specified by the formatString, may be surrounded by a number of whitespace and tab characters. The whitespace and tab characters are ignored.
Regardless of the content of this entry some fieldNames are reserved:
The DBM key value
The DBM key value handled as an IP address. See the discussion of %a fields.
Everything following the first occurance of a symbol. rf_comment is defined by nisLDAPcommentChar.
The name of the domain in which the current NIS operation is being carried out.
The rf_searchkey value handled as an IP address. See the discussion of %a fields above.
See the description under nisLDAPattributeFromField below.
For example, the rpc.bynumber map has the format:
name number alias[" "...]
The NIS to LDAP system is instructed to break it into a name, a number, and an array of alias field by the following entry in the mapping file:
nisLDAPnameFields rpc.bynumber : \
"%s %s %s", name,number,aliases)Defines how a field, or list of fields, named by nisLDAPnameFields is split into subfields. The original field is compared with each line of this attribute until one matches. When a match is found named subfields are generated. In latter operations subfield names can be used in the same way as other field names.
The syntax for the nisLDAPsplitFields attribute is as follows:
"nisLDAPsplitFields" fieldName ":" splitSpec[","...]
splitSpec = "(" matchspec "," subFieldNames ")"
fieldName = Name of a field from nisLDAPnameFields
subFieldNames = subFieldname[","...]
matchspec = \" formatString \"The netgroup memberTriples can have format (host, user, domain) or groupname. The format is specified by the attribute:
nisLDAPsplitField memberTriple: \
("(%s,%s,%s)", host, user, domain) , \
("%s", group)Later operations can then use field names host, user, domain, group or memberTriple. Because lines are processed in order, if host, user and domain are found, group will not be generated.
Several maps and databaseIds may contain fields that are to be split in the same way. As a consequence, the names of fields to be split must be unique across all maps and databaseIds.
Only one level of spliting is supported.That is, a subfield cannot be split into further subfields.
Where there is a list of repeated, splitable fields, nisLDAPrepeatedFieldSeparators specifies which characters separate instances of the splitable field.
The syntax for the nisLDAPrepeatedFieldSeparators attribute is as follows:
"nisLDAPrepeatedFieldSeparators" fieldName \"sepChar[...]\" sepChar = A separator character.
The default value is space or tab. If repeated splitable fields are adjacent, that is, there is no separating character, then the following should be specified:
nisLDAPrepeatedFieldSeparators netIdEntry: ""
Specifies which character represents the start of the special comment field in a given NIS map. If this attribute is not present then the default comment character # is used.
To specify that a map uses a asterix to mark the start of comments.
nisLDAPcommentChar mapname : '*'
If a map cannot contain comments, then the following attribute should be specified.
nisLDAPcommentChar mapname : ''
Indicates if YP_INTERDOMAIN or YP_SECURE entries should be created in a map. Using nisLDAPmapFlags is equivalent to running makedbm(1M) with the -b or the -s option. When a map is created from the contents of the DIT, the mapping file attribute is the only source for the YP_INTERDOMAIN or YP_SECURE entries.
The syntax for the nisLDAPmapFlags attribute is as follows:
"nisLDAPmapFlags" mapname ":" ["b"]["s"]
By default neither entry is created.
Specifies how a NIS entries field values are derived from LDAP attribute values.
The syntax for the nisLDAPfieldFromAttribute attribute is as follows:
mapName ":" fieldattrspec *("," fieldattrspec)The format of fieldattrspec is shown below.
To map by direct copy and assignment the value of the ipHostNumber attribute to the addr named field, for example:
addr=ipHostNumber
Formats for the named field and attribute conversion syntax are discussed below, including examples of complex attribute to field conversions.
Specifies how an LDAP attribute value is derived from a NIS entriy field value.
The syntax for the nisLDAPattributeFromField attribute is as follows:
mapName ":" fieldattrspec *("," fieldattrspec )The format of fieldattrspec is shown below.
As a special case, if the dn attribute value derived from a fieldattrspec ends in a comma (“,”), the domains context from nisLDAPdomainContext is appended.
Use the following example to map the value of the addr field to the ipHostNumber attribute by direct copy and assignment:
ipHostNumber=addr
All relevant attributes, including the dn, must be specified.
For every map it must be possible to rapidly find a DIT entry based on its key. There are some maps for which a NIS to LDAP mapping for the key is not desirable, so a key mapping cannot be specified. In these cases a mapping that uses the reserved rf_searchkey must be specified. Mappings that use this field name are ignored when information is mapped into the DIT.
The general format of a fieldattrspec is:
fieldattrspec = lhs "=" rhs
lhs = lval | namespeclist
rhs = rval | [namespec]
namespeclist = namespec | "(" namespec *("," namespec) ")"The lval and rval syntax are defined below.. The format of a namespec is:
["ldap:"] attrspec [searchTriple] | ["yp:"] fieldname [mapspec]
field | "(" field ")"attribute | "(" attribute ")"":" [baseDN] ["?" [scope] ["?" [filter]]]
Base DN for search
LDAP search filter
Map name
The repository specification in a namespec defaults is as follows:
For assignments to a field:
yp
ldap
NIS field values on the RHS are those that exist before the NIS entry is modified.
For assignments to an attribute:
ldap
yp
Attribute values on the RHS are those that exist before the LDAP entry is modified.
When the field or attribute name is enclosed in parenthesis, it denotes a list of field or attribute values. For attributes, the meaning is the list of all attributes of that name, and the interpretation depends on the context. The list specification is ignored when a searchTriple or mapspec is supplied.
For fields, the fieldname syntax is used to map multiple attribute instances to multiple NIS entries.
The searchTriple can be used to specify an attribute from a location other than the read or write target. The defaultvalues are as follows:
If baseDN is omitted, the default is the current objectDN. If the baseDN ends in a comma, the context of the domain is appended from nisLDAPdomainContext .
one
Empty
Similarly, the mapspec can be used to specify a field value from a NIS map other than the one implicitly indicated by the mapName. If searchTriple or mapspec is explicitly specified in a namespec, the retrieval or assignment, whether from or to LDAP or NIS, is performed without checking if read and write are enabled for the LDAP container or NIS map.
The ommision of the namespec in an rhs is only allowed if the lhs is one or more attributes. The effect is to delete the specified attribute(s). In all other situations, an omitted namespec means that the rule is ignored.
The filter can be a value. For example, to find the ipHostNumberthat uses the cn, you specify the following in the filter field:
ldap:ipHostNumber:?one?("cn=%s", (cname, "%s.*"))In order to remove ambiguity, the unmodified value of a single field or attribute must be specified as the following when used in the filter field.
("%s", namespec)If the filter is not specified, the scope will be base, and the baseDN is assumed to be the DN of the entry that contains the attribute to be retrieved or modified. To use previously existing field or attribute values in the mapping rules requires a lookup to find those values. Obviously, this adds to the time required to perform the modification. Also, there is a window between the time when a value is retrieved and then slightly later stored back. If the values have changed in the mean time, the change may be overwritten.
When fieldattrspecs are grouped into rule sets, in the value of a nisLDAPfieldFromAttribute or nisLDAPattributeFromField attribute, the evaluation of the fieldattrspecs proceed in the listed order. However, evaluation may be done in parallel for multiple fieldattrspecs. If there is an error when evaluating a certain fieldattrspec, including retrieval or assignment of entry or field values, the extent to which the other fieldattrspec rules are evaluated is unspecified.
Where wildcard support is available, it is of the following limited form:
Matches any number of characters
Matches the character x
Matches any character in the range x to y, inclusive
Combinations such as [a-cA-C0123] are also allowed, which would match any one of a, b, c, A, B, C, 0, 1, 2, or 3.
substringextract = "(" namespec "," matchspec ")"
name = field or attribute name
matchspec =The matchspec is a string like the sscanf(3C) format string, except that there may be at most one format specifier, a single %s. The output value of the substringextract is the substring that matches the location of the %s.
If there is no %s in the formatstring, it must instead be a single character, which is assumed to be a field separator for the namespec. The output values are the field values. Wild cards are supported. If there is no match, the output value is the empty string, “ ”.
For example, if the fieldcname has the value user.some.domain.name., the value of the expression:
(cname, "%s.*")
is user, which can be used to extract the user name from a NIS principal name.
Similarly, use this expression to extract the third of the colon-separated fields of the shadow field:
(shadow, "*:*:%s:*")
This form can be used to extract all of the shadow fields. However, a simpler way to specify that special case is:
(shadow, ":")
lval = "(" formatspec "," namespec *("," namespec) ")"
rval = "(" formatspec ["," namelist ["," elide] ] ")"
namelist = name_or_sse *( "," name_or_sse)
name_or_sse = namespec | removespec | substringextract
removespec = list_or_name "-" namespec
list_or_name = "(" namespec ")" | namespec
formatspec =
formatstring = A string combining text and % field specifications
elide =
singlechar = Any characterThe syntax above is used to produce rval values that incorporate field or attribute values, in a manner like sprintf(3C), or to perform assignments to lval like sscanf(3C). One important restriction is that the format specifications,% plus a single character, use the designations from ber_printf(3LDAP). Thus, while %s is used to extract a string value, %i causes BER conversion from an integer. Formats other than %s, for instance, %i, are only meaningfully defined in simple format strings without any other text.
The following ber_printf() format characters are recognized:
b i n o s
If there are too few format specifiers, the format string may be repeated as needed.
When used as an lval, there is a combination of pattern matching and assignment, possibly to multiple fields or attributes.
In an assignment to an attribute, if the value of the addr field is 1.2.3.4, the rval:
("ipNetworkNumber=%s,", addr)produces the value ipNetworkNumber=1.2.3.4,, while:
("(%s,%s,%s)", host, user, domain)results in:
(assuming host="xyzzy", user="-", domain="x.y.z") "(xyzzy,-,x.y.z)"
The elide character feature is used with attribute lists. So:
("%s,", (mgrprfc822mailmember), ",")concatenates all mgrprfc822mailmember values into one comma-separated string, and then elides the final trailing comma. Thus, for
mgrprfc822mailmember=usera mgrprfc822mailmember=userb mgrprfc822mailmember=userc
the value would be:
usera,userb,userc
As a special case, to combine an LHS extraction with an RHS implicit list creates multiple entries and values. So
("(%s,%s,%s)", host, user, domain)=(nisNetgroupTriple)creates one NIS entry for each nisNetgroupTriple value.
The 'removespec' form is used to exclude previously assigned fields values from a list. So, if an LDAP entry contains:
name: foo cn: foo cn: foo1 cn: foo2
and the mapping file specifies :
myName = name, \
myAliases = ("%s ", (cn) - yp:myName, " ")then the following assignments are carried out:
Assign value foo to myName
Assign value foo foo1 foo2 to myAliases
Remove value of myName from value myAliases
This results in the field values myName is set to foo, and myAliases is set to foo1 foo2.
The assignment syntax is as follows:
fieldattrspec = lhs "=" rhs
lhs = lval | namespeclist
rhs = rval | namespec
namespeclist = namespec | "(" namespec *("," namespec) ")"The general form of a simple assignment, which is a one-to-one mapping of field to attribute, is:
("%s", fieldname)=("%s", attrname)As a convenient shorthand, this can also be written as:
fieldname=attrname
A list specification, which is a name enclosed in parenthesis, can be used to make many-to-many assignments. The expression:
(fieldname)=(attrname)
where there are multiple instances of attrname, creates one NIS entry for each such instance, differentiated by their fieldname values. The following combinations of lists are allowed, but they are not particularly useful:
Equivalent to attrname=fieldname
Equivalent to attrname=fieldname
Equivalent to fieldname=attrname
Equivalent to fieldname=attrname
If a multi-valued RHS is assigned to a single-valued LHS, the LHS value will be the first of the RHS values. If the RHS is an attribute list, the first attribute is the first one returned by the LDAP server when queried. Otherwise, the definition of “first”is implementation dependent.
Finally, the LHS can be an explicit list of fields or attributes, such as:
(name1,name2,name3)
If the RHS is single-valued, this assigns the RHS value to all entities in the list. If the RHS is multi-valued, the first value is assigned to the first entity of the list, the second value to the second entity, and so on. Excess values or entities are silently ignored.
Example 1 Assigning an Attribute Value to a Field
The following example illustrates how to assign the value of the ipHostNumber attribute to the addr field
addr=ipHostNumber
Example 2 Creating Multiple NIS Entries from Multi-Valued LDAP Attributes
An LDAP entry with:
cn=name1 cn=name2 cn=name3
and the following assignments:
cname=cn (name)=(cn)
creates three NIS entries. Other attributes and fields are omitted for clarity.
cname=name1, name=name1 cname=name1, name=name2 cname=name1, name=name3
Example 3 Assigning String Constants
The following expression sets the passwd field to x:
passwd=("x")Example 4 Splitting Field Values to Multi-Valued Attributes
The expansion field contains a comma-separated list of alias member names. In the following example, the expression assigns each member name to an instance of mgrprfc822mailmember:
(mgrprfc822mailmember)=(expansion, ",")
Mapping file used by the NIS server components
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
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inityp2l(1M), makedbm(1M), ypserv(1M), ber_printf(3LDAP), sprintf(3C), sscanf(3C), ypserv(4), attributes(5)
Oracle Solaris Administration: Naming and Directory Services
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