System Security

System security ensures that the system's resources are used properly. Access controls can restrict who is permitted access to resources on the system. Oracle Solaris features for system security and access control include the following:

• Login administration tools – Commands for monitoring and controlling a user's ability to log in. See Securing Logins and Passwords (Task Map).

• Hardware access – Commands for limiting access to the PROM, and for restricting who can boot the system. See Controlling Access to System Hardware (Tasks).

• Resource access – Tools and strategies for maximizing the appropriate use of machine resources while minimizing the misuse of those resources. See Controlling Access to Machine Resources.

  For the management of resources in Oracle Solaris Zones, see Part I, Oracle Solaris Resource Management, in Oracle Solaris 11.1 Administration: Oracle Solaris Zones, Oracle Solaris 10 Zones, and Resource Management.

• Role-based access control (RBAC) – An architecture for creating special, restricted user accounts that are permitted to perform specific administrative tasks. See Role-Based Access Control (Overview).

• Privileges – Discrete rights on processes to perform operations. These process rights are enforced in the kernel. See Privileges (Overview).

• Device management – Device policy additionally protects devices that are already protected by UNIX permissions. Device allocation controls access to peripheral devices, such as a microphone or CD-ROM drive. Upon deallocation, device-clean scripts can then erase any data from the device. See Controlling Access to Devices.

• BART file verification – A snapshot, called a manifest, of the file attributes of files on a system. By comparing the manifests across systems or on one system over time, changes to files can be monitored to reduce security risks. See Chapter 6, Verifying File Integrity by Using BART (Tasks).

• File permissions – Attributes of a file or directory. Permissions restrict the users and groups that are permitted to read, write, or execute a file, or search a directory. See Chapter 7, Controlling Access to Files (Tasks).

• Antivirus software – A vscan service checks files for viruses before an application uses the files. A file system can invoke this service to scan files in real time for the most recent virus definitions before the files are accessed by any clients of the file system.

  The real-time scan is performed by third-party applications. A file can be scanned when it is opened and after it is closed. See Chapter 4, Virus Scanning Service (Tasks).