encrypt

, decrypt

- encrypt or decrypt files

Synopsis

/usr/bin/encrypt -l

/usr/bin/encrypt -a algorithm [-v] 
     [-k key_file | -K key_label [-T token_spec]]
     [-i input_file] [-o output_file]

/usr/bin/decrypt -l

/usr/bin/decrypt -a algorithm [-v] 
     [-k key_file | -K key_label [-T token_spec]]
     [-i input_file] [-o output_file]

Description

This utility encrypts or decrypts the given file or stdin using the algorithm specified. If no output file is specified, output is to standard out. If the cryptoadm -i and -o options specify the same file, the encrypted output is written to a temporary work file in the same file system and then used to replace the original file.

Upon decryption, if the cryptoadm -i and -o options specify the same file, the cleartext replaces the ciphertext file.

The output file of encrypt and the input file for decrypt contains the following information:

• Output format version number, 4 bytes in network byte order. The current version is 1.

• Iterations used in key generation function, 4 bytes in network byte order.

• IV (ivlen bytes)[1]. iv data is generated by random bytes equal to one block size.

• Salt data used in key generation (16 bytes).

• Cipher text data.

Options

The following options are supported:

-a algorithm

Specify the name of the algorithm to use during the encryption or decryption process. See USAGE, Algorithms for details.

-i input_file

Specify the input file. Default is stdin if input_file is not specified.

-k key_file

Specify the file containing the key value for the encryption algorithm. Each algorithm has specific key material requirements, as stated in the PKCS#11 specification. If -k is not specified, encrypt prompts for key material using getpassphrase(3C). The size of the key file determines the key length, and passphrases set from the terminal are always used to generate 128 bit long keys for ciphers with a variable key length.

For information on generating a key file, see the genkey subcommand in pktool(1). Alternatively, dd(1M) can be used.

-K key_label

Specify the label of a symmetric token key in a PKCS#11 token.

-l

Display the list of algorithms available on the system. This list can change depending on the configuration of the cryptographic framework. The keysizes are displayed in bits.

-o output_file

Specify output file. Default is stdout if output_file is not specified. If stdout is used without redirecting to a file, the terminal window can appear to hang because the raw encrypted or decrypted data has disrupted the terminal emulation, much like viewing a binary file can do at times.

-T token_spec

Specify a PKCS#11 token other than the default soft token object store when the -K is specified.

token_spec has the format of:

token_name [:manuf_id [:serial_no]]

When a token label contains trailing spaces, this option does not require them to be typed as a convenience to the user.

Colon separates token identification string. If any of the parts have a literal colon (:) character, it must be escaped by a backslash (\). If a colon (:) is not found, the entire string (up to 32 characters) is taken as the token label. If only one colon (:) is found, the string is the token label and the manufacturer.

-v

Display verbose information. See Verbose.

Usage

Algorithms

The supported algorithms are displayed with their minimum and maximum key sizes in the -l option. These algorithms are provided by the cryptographic framework. Each supported algorithm is an alias of the PKCS #11 mechanism that is the most commonly used and least restricted version of a particular algorithm type. For example, des is an alias to CKM_DES_CBC_PAD and arcfour is an alias to CKM_RC4. Algorithm variants with no padding or ECB are not supported.

These aliases are used with the -a option and are case-sensitive.

Passphrase

When the -k option is not used during encryption and decryption tasks, the user is prompted for a passphrase. The passphrase is manipulated into a more secure key using the PBKDF2 algorithm specified in PKCS #5.

When a passphrase is used with encrypt and decrypt, the user entered passphrase is turned into an encryption key using the PBKDF2 algorithm as defined defined in http://www.rsasecurity.com, PKCS #5 v2.0.

Verbose

If an input file is provided to the command, a progress bar spans the screen. The progress bar denotes every 25% completed with a pipe sign (|). If the input is from standard input, a period (.) is displayed each time 40KB is read. Upon completion of both input methods, Done is printed.

Examples

Example 1 Listing Available Algorithms

The following example lists available algorithms:

example$ encrypt -l
     Algorithm       Keysize:  Min   Max
     -----------------------------------
     aes                       128   128
     arcfour                     8   128
     des                        64    64
     3des                      192   192

Example 2 Encrypting Using AES

The following example encrypts using AES and prompts for the encryption key:

example$ encrypt -a aes -i myfile.txt -o secretstuff

Example 3 Encrypting Using AES with a Key File

The following example encrypts using AES after the key file has been created:

example$ pktool genkey keystore=file keytype=aes keylen=128 \
            outkey=key
example$ encrypt -a aes -k key -i myfile.txt -o secretstuff

Example 4 Using an In Pipe to Provide Encrypted Tape Backup

The following example uses an in pipe to provide encrypted tape backup:

example$ ufsdump 0f - /var | encrypt -a arcfour \
     -k /etc/mykeys/backup.k | dd of=/dev/rmt/0

Example 5 Using an In Pipe to Restore Tape Backup

The following example uses and in pipe to restore a tape backup:

example$ decrypt -a arcfour -k /etc/mykeys/backup.k \
     -i /dev/rmt/0 | ufsrestore xvf -

Example 6 Encrypting an Input File Using the 3DES Algorithm

The following example encrypts the inputfile file with the 192-bit key stored in the des3key file:

example$ encrypt -a 3des -k des3key -i inputfile -o outputfile

Example 7 Encrypting an Input File with a DES token key

The following example encrypts the input file file with a DES token key in the soft token keystore. The DES token key can be generated with pktool(1):

example$ encrypt -a des -K mydeskey \
     -T "Sun Software PKCS#11 softtoken" -i inputfile \
     -o outputfile

Exit Status

The following exit values are returned:

0

Successful completion.

>0

An error occurred.

Attributes

See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

See Also

digest(1), pktool(1), mac(1), dd(1M), getpassphrase(3C), libpkcs11(3LIB), attributes(5), pkcs11_softtoken(5)

Oracle Solaris 11.1 Administration: Security Services

RSA PKCS#11 v2.11: http://www.rsasecurity.com

RSA PKCS#5 v2.0: http://www.rsasecurity.com