t_open

- establish a transport endpoint

Synopsis

#include <xti.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

int t_open(const char *name, int oflag, struct t_info *info);

Description

This routine is part of the XTI interfaces which evolved from the TLI interfaces. XTI represents the future evolution of these interfaces. However, TLI interfaces are supported for compatibility. When using a TLI routine that has the same name as an XTI routine, the tiuser.h header file must be used. Refer to the TLI COMPATIBILITY section for a description of differences between the two interfaces.

The t_open() function must be called as the first step in the initialization of a transport endpoint. This function establishes a transport endpoint by supplying a transport provider identifier that indicates a particular transport provider, that is, transport protocol, and returning a file descriptor that identifies that endpoint.

The argument name points to a transport provider identifier and oflag identifies any open flags, as in open(2). The argument oflag is constructed from O_RDWR optionally bitwise inclusive-OR'ed with O_NONBLOCK. These flags are defined by the header <fcntl.h>. The file descriptor returned by t_open() will be used by all subsequent functions to identify the particular local transport endpoint.

This function also returns various default characteristics of the underlying transport protocol by setting fields in the t_info structure. This argument points to a t_info which contains the following members:

t_scalar_t addr;        /* max size of the transport protocol address */
t_scalar_t options;     /* max number of bytes of  */
                            /* protocol-specific options  */
t_scalar_t tsdu;        /* max size of a transport service data  */
                            /* unit (TSDU)  */
t_scalar_t etsdu;       /* max size of an expedited transport  */
                            /* service data unit (ETSDU)  */
t_scalar_t connect;     /* max amount of data allowed on  */
                        /* connection establishment functions  */
t_scalar_t discon;      /* max amount of data allowed on  */
                        /* t_snddis() and t_rcvdis() functions  */
t_scalar_t servtype;    /* service type supported by the  */
                            /* transport provider  */
t_scalar_t flags;       /* other info about the transport provider  */

The values of the fields have the following meanings:

addr

A value greater than zero (T_NULL) indicates the maximum size of a transport protocol address and a value of –2 (T_INVALID) specifies that the transport provider does not provide user access to transport protocol addresses.

options

A value greater than zero (T_NULL) indicates the maximum number of bytes of protocol-specific options supported by the provider, and a value of –2 (T_INVALID) specifies that the transport provider does not support user-settable options.

tsdu

A value greater than zero (T_NULL specifies the maximum size of a transport service data unit (TSDU); a value of zero (T_NULL) specifies that the transport provider does not support the concept of TSDU, although it does support the sending of a data stream with no logical boundaries preserved across a connection; a value of –1 (T_INFINITE) specifies that there is no limit to the size of a TSDU; and a value of –2 (T_INVALID) specifies that the transfer of normal data is not supported by the transport provider.

etsdu

A value greater than zero (T_NULL) specifies the maximum size of an expedited transport service data unit (ETSDU); a value of zero (T_NULL) specifies that the transport provider does not support the concept of ETSDU, although it does support the sending of an expedited data stream with no logical boundaries preserved across a connection; a value of –1 (T_INFINITE) specifies that there is no limit on the size of an ETSDU; and a value of –2 (T_INVALID) specifies that the transfer of expedited data is not supported by the transport provider. Note that the semantics of expedited data may be quite different for different transport providers.

connect

A value greater than zero (T_NULL) specifies the maximum amount of data that may be associated with connection establishment functions, and a value of –2 (T_INVALID) specifies that the transport provider does not allow data to be sent with connection establishment functions.

discon

If the T_ORDRELDATA bit in flags is clear, a value greater than zero (T_NULL) specifies the maximum amount of data that may be associated with the t_snddis(3NSL) and t_rcvdis(3NSL) functions, and a value of –2 (T_INVALID) specifies that the transport provider does not allow data to be sent with the abortive release functions. If the T_ORDRELDATA bit is set in flags, a value greater than zero (T_NULL) specifies the maximum number of octets that may be associated with the t_sndreldata(), t_rcvreldata(), t_snddis(3NSL) and t_rcvdis(3NSL) functions.

servtype

This field specifies the service type supported by the transport provider, as described below.

flags

This is a bit field used to specify other information about the communications provider. If the T_ORDRELDATA bit is set, the communications provider supports user data to be sent with an orderly release. If the T_SENDZERO bit is set in flags, this indicates the underlying transport provider supports the sending of zero-length TSDUs.

If a transport user is concerned with protocol independence, the above sizes may be accessed to determine how large the buffers must be to hold each piece of information. Alternatively, the t_alloc(3NSL) function may be used to allocate these buffers. An error will result if a transport user exceeds the allowed data size on any function.

The servtype field of info specifies one of the following values on return:

T_COTS

The transport provider supports a connection-mode service but does not support the optional orderly release facility.

T_COTS_ORD

The transport provider supports a connection-mode service with the optional orderly release facility.

T_CLTS

The transport provider supports a connectionless-mode service. For this service type, t_open() will return –2 (T_INVALID) for etsdu, connect and discon.

A single transport endpoint may support only one of the above services at one time.

If info is set to a null pointer by the transport user, no protocol information is returned by t_open().

Return Values

A valid file descriptor is returned upon successful completion. Otherwise, a value of –1 is returned and t_errno is set to indicate an error.

VALID STATES

T_UNINIT.

Errors

On failure, t_errno is set to the following:

TBADFLAG

An invalid flag is specified.

TBADNAME

Invalid transport provider name.

TPROTO

This error indicates that a communication problem has been detected between XTI and the transport provider for which there is no other suitable XTI error (t_errno).

TSYSERR

A system error has occurred during execution of this function.

TLI COMPATIBILITY

The XTI and TLI interface definitions have common names but use different header files. This and other semantic differences between the two interfaces are described in the subsections below.

Interface Header

The XTI interfaces use the xti.h TLI interfaces should not use this header. They should use the header:

Error Description Values

The t_errno values TPROTO and TBADNAME can be set by the XTI interface but cannot be set by the TLI interface.

Notes

For TLI , the t_info structure referenced by info lacks the following structure member:

t_scalar_t flags;    /* other info about the transport provider */

This member was added to struct t_info in the XTI interfaces.

When a value of –1 is observed as the return value in various t_info structure members, it signifies that the transport provider can handle an infinite length buffer for a corresponding attribute, such as address data, option data, TSDU (octet size), ETSDU (octet size), connection data, and disconnection data. The corresponding structure members are addr, options, tsdu, estdu, connect, and discon, respectively.

Attributes

See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

See Also

open(2), attributes(5)